Vulnerable Population Health

Vulnerable Population Health Introduction Vulnerable population has become a burden for the United States as because their lacks of economic stability, improper health care service, social ignorance and so many other controversial factors. As they are considered as an important portion of the total U.S. population, thats why they are to be treated equally compared to the other U.S. citizens. One of the complex issues in their current situation is their health related problems. Their mental health problem and the drug abuse are two issues that have made them out of success. The goal set by the U.S. department of health and human services named â€Å"healthy people 2010 goals† is largely depends on this vulnerable population. Furthermore, in addition others things are also becoming obstacle to get the success. Hispanics and African American represent a large portion of entire U.S. population. Hispanics generally come from the Latin countries and Africa American from the content Africa. But the most important fact is that, among them a huge number of people are homeless and it is to be said the self-contradictory characteristic of U.S. the richest country of the world. These communities are suffering from improper health care services and have the high tendency to suicide. Their education background is also vulnerable compared to the whites. In this case the nurses can play a major role in regarding both providing the better health care services and educate this vulnerable population. There are also some other health related problems that can be solved by making a positive atmosphere by the nurses. The nurses need to know and understand in what circumstances they will act and how they will do that. The homeless population is a social group considered as a vulnerable because these homeless are at an increased risk for adverse health-related outcomes. Recognize and understand the homelessness and the relationship From the last two decades a good number of American cities experienced epidemics which challenged some beliefs. These people are concerned for affecting with HIV, violence, substance abuse, asthma, infant mortality or so many others factor. The vulnerable population is to be said the most sufferers in this case. However, there are a lot of complexities in regarding the health issues from the perspective of this population. Now, in America ‘a huge number of homeless people is a huge headache for the government as well as for the health and human services. This homeless inner city Spanish people are not only poor but also weak in health. According to the ‘human Rights Record of the United States in 2005, US has 727,304 homeless people nationwide. It reminds tha t one in every 400 Americans are living without home. The Los Angeles, according to the statistics is the capital of homeless people. The United States dubs that it is the worlds richest country, but the report given by the London school of Economics represents that U.S is has the highest poverty rate among the developed countries. This report also says that U.S. has the worst social inequality. Among them the Hispanics are at the top of the list. Now this community includes approximately 35.3 million people. By 2050, approximately 102 million Hispanics will reside in the United States which is nearly 24.5 percent of the total U.S. population. So it is needless to mention that if Hispanics experience poorer health status, then the expected demographic change will magnify the adverse economic, social, and health impact of such disparities in the United States. (J. Pumariega n.d.). Hispanic origin women can be from any race. According to estimation the Hispanic includes 63 percent Mex ican American, 14 percent central and South Americans, 11 percent Puerto Ricans and the rest 8 percent are from other. Among them 90 percent resides at the urban areas and 70 percent concentrated in 6 states-California, Texas, New York, Florida, New Jersey and Illinois. Black or African American are second at the list of vulnerable population in the United States. This origin has more undetected diseases and more chronic diseases comparatively to the whites. Inadequate housing, dangerous job and improper medical care represents the limited access of African American to the prerequisites for improved and safety health status includes better education, higher incomes and use of health care services as needed. Various types of risk factors are also involved in the daily activities of this population. â€Å"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Healthy People 2010 goals† has provided several instructions in regarding to the health issues of this vulnerable population. The large portions of this vulnerable population are suffering from mental, psychiatric and substance abuse problem. Besides this the drug problem should be mentioned if health related factors described. The Hispanics are more than two times more likely than whites to indicate current drug abuse. So, such types of problems lead to a number of big problems that is quite impossible to handle. To improve and develop the health of this population, the nurses can keep a major role strongly. The nurses need to understand the various nursing environment and they should response in accordance with the environment. In the environment of vulnerable population the nurses expand their knowledge base in leaps and bounds. The nurses need to be supported into this field and others. Health issues Mental problem The previous study found that the ratio of homeless people is highest among the Hispanics. As these Hispanics are homeless, they suffer from various kinds of mental problems and that is a national concern as well. Hence, the street beggars and those sleeping in public places have increased among the Hispanics. Homeless people are in want of emotional support, caring professionals and help that work within their frame of reality. Notably, each homeless group has different demographics and health needs. There are some denominators that are the obstacles in regarding to access health care. Nurses are the best effective means of serving the needs of these homeless people. Nurse-managed clinics can be a better solution to provide these needs and wants. However, with the help of these clinics homeless people can get continuity of care, suitable follow up, and teaching to aid in illness prevention. The freer clinic needs to be established so that the nurses can provide and meet the health n eeds and of homeless community. Among the Hispanics the mental, psychiatric and substance abuse problem has described as one of the problem of health issues. Another problem is the drug abuse problem. Several recent reports and researches provide the identified problems in access to and caring services that affects the Hispanics groups. The 2006 national healthcare Disparities report says that Hispanics scored lower that European American on 90% of access measures. (Armando W. 2007 et all) The focused research of this report is to improve the systems of care in order to deliver more equitable services. But the question is who will provide this desired service to this population and how they will do it. Point to be noted; â€Å"only 1% of licensedpsychologists and American Psychological Association membersare Hispanic†. (Armando W. 2007 et all). So, generally they are not in the field of getting proper support in their mental problems. It is known that the Hispanics are not efficient in speaking English. So when they conduct with the health service provider then as expected they got lower facilities because of language barriers. However, who are expert in English get more facilities and most severe symptom ratings, followed by those who spoke only English or only Spanish during the interview. Health insurance is a critical issue in Hispanic health factors. One third of the Hispanic population lacks it, which is double the national average. Hispanics comprises the largest ethnic minority group in the United States. The previous study found that â€Å"Mexican immigrants had considerably lower lifetime prevalence rates of major mental disorders than did-U.S. born Mexican Americans.†(R. Lopez, 2000). There are some demographic and risk factors in the perspective of Hispanic vulnerable population. The prevalence of mental health problems varied by racial or ethnic group. Among State prisoners, 62% of white inmates, compared to 55% of blacks and 46% of Hispanics, were found to have a mental health problem.(J. James E. Glaze, 2006) Among Hispanics Americans fewer than 1 in 11 do contact with specialist and 1 in 5 contact general health care provider. One national study found that only 24 percent of Hispanics received appropriate care compared to 34 percent of whites. What nurses can do The psychiatric-mental health nurses are efficient and educationally prepared to provide the full range of health services. The primary mental health care services are the first needs to face the challenges. To do so, some especial educational programs should be provided to the nurse practitioners.teh psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner is advanced practice registered nurses who focus to develop the psychiatric disorders or mental health problem. They provide the wide range of settings to the patients who are seeking primary mental health services. The promotion of optimal mental health, prevention and treatment of mental health problem are the function of these nurses. They play a vital role in assisting people to identify the causes of the possible results of stress. Nursing care can be delivered on a one to one basis. The mental health nurses play a key role in the primary health care team efficiently. They are also expert in health education and promotion, seeking the ge neral public Substance abuse Substance abuse refers to the abuse of drugs or alcohol that is primarily illicit. Hispanics are mostly known as â€Å"hard-to-reach† population in the context of health communication. Drug use among Hispanics has a sparse which is vastly higher than among who are surrounded by their own culture. Drug abuse among the Hispanics is another concern for the government as well as for the future generation. The following are the risk factors in regarding to the drug abuse among the Hispanics in United States. Rates for illicit drug abuse and dependence are highest for Hispanics (7.8%). Hispanic adolescents are more likely to abuse drugs; especially crack cocaine, heroin, and ‘ice, than are adolescents from other ethnic groups. An overview of U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Healthy People 2010 goals Healthy people 2010 is planned to achieve two overarching goals: Increase quality and years of healthy life The first step of â€Å"healthy people 2010† is to help individuals of all ages increase life expectancy and improve their quality of life. Eliminate health disparities: The second goal of healthy people 2010 is eliminate the health disparities among different segment of the population. ‘Healthy People 2010 is a set of health objectives for the Nation to achieve over the first decade of the new century. It can be used by many different people, States, communities, professional organizations, and others to help them develop programs to improve health. Healthy People 2010 builds on initiatives pursued over the past two decades. The 1979 Surgeon Generals Report, Healthy People, and Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives both established national health objectives and served as the basis for the development of State and community plans. Like its predecessors, Healthy People 2010 was developed through a broad consultation process, built on the best scientific knowledge and designed to measure programs over time. Healthy people objectives have been designed by the congress as the evaluation for assessing the development of the Indian health care improvement act. What nurses can do in regarding homeless Hispanics or African American and their mental health problem Mental health nurses advocate in collaboration with psychiatrists and the other practitioners to provide services as for example monitoring the Hispanics patient, mental state, managing medication and developing the links to other health care professionals and clinical service providers. Their providing services are in a range of setting and are provided at little or no cost to the patient. The homeless Hispanics and African American both are growing rapidly in context of population. They are not only growing but also their mental health is dis-improving day by day as they are considered as vulnerable population. It has been mentioned earlier that Hispanics are the largest minority community in the United States. The percentage of homeless African American is also high in United States. They are also vulnerable because of most of them are homeless and suffering from controversial mental health problem. They do feel some bad feelings about their origin root and thats why they are still in back position. In this regard, the nurses can play a major role to manipulate this community to improve their mental health. Mentality is the drive that influences people toward every outcome whether it is positive or negative. Hence, the nurses role in educating the Hispanics homeless population about how to access health care and addresses their health needs should be reflected in a systematic manner. The nurses can make them understood about the benefit of better health that will make them established at their desired level. There are a lot of people among the Hispanics who are not able to say or understand the English. In this case, the nurses have a better opportunity to teach them about the benefit of speaking English. Whenever you talk about the vulnerable or homeless people then the word needs to mention. The racial issue is a very sophisticated factor in regarding the vulnerable population. It does reflect the whole picture of vulnerable population in America. The vulnerable population should be treated in accordance with the proper plan and therefore, there also should not be any complexity. Notably, here needs to talk about the nursing aids and its function. Nursing aids is to care for physically or mentally weak, injured, disabled, and mental health setting. Nursing aids is applicable for those who are in need of a long term care. Their specialty is defined by their specific care. In context of homeless Hispanics, these nursing aids should be implemented to get the better result and overcome the problem existed among this community. The nursing aids help elderly or disabled person live in their own home instead of health care facilities. The nurses can give the instruction about how the homeless Hispanics can lead a better life after being educated and having a good health. Therefore, the better health is needed to fulfill the goals set by the â€Å"healthy people 2010† project. Lower rates of health care use by Hispanics judge against with non-Hispanics white person-in context of hospitalization, physician visit, prescribed medicine, and specific preventive service—have been found. A numerous studies found differences in culturally based attitudes in regarding health care and barriers presented by language. It has been also found that Hispanics who are less assimilated into U.S. culture face more wide-ranging barriers than those who have become acculturated with U.S. culture. Hence, there is an impact on the basis of relation between culture and use of service is quite mixed. In addition, insurance status has a larger impact on use of health care services. It is duty for the nurses to identify the specific factors that affect the function of health care services for this vulnerable population. Nurses should advocate and educate this vulnerable population. Nursing around the world needs to feel the confident and the essential and significant contribution to the provision of safe, quality patient care. It is known that the nursing workforce is the largest group within the health care system. The theoretical and practical knowledge not only guide the nurses, but also the beliefs, values and personal thinking help them to emerging advance scope of practice. Homeless Hispanics are to be said the obstacle for the U.S. developing program ‘healthy people 2010 and its success. The Hispanics are suffering from different kinds of mental health problem which is day by day going to be uncontrollable. Homeless people do not get the at least primary health service in most of the cases. As it is known that by 2050, the Hispanics will be approximately 25% of the total U.S. population. So, these successes of the â€Å"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Healthy People 2010 goals† are very much dependent on their health care. What nurses can do in regarding homeless Hispanics or African American and their drug abuse problem Drug abuse among the Hispanics and African American minority, is a strong concern as it has a larger impact on future generation. The people who are involved in drug abuse can be considered as patient from the medical perspective. However, drug abuse is becoming a growing distress for the U.S. government as well as for the health and human service. The qualities of substance abuse treatment are of interest to both the government and the treatment service provider. There has been a little research on treatment outcomes of Hispanics and African American in substance abuse treatment. However, Nurses have the potential to continue integrated interventions from the perspective of health care setting. The needs of the patients vary with the change of health care setting and the function of nurses as well. So, the field nurses need to clarify their roles and functions in relation to both the setting where they work and the patients to whom they deal with. The healthcare professionals need t o demonstrate the effectiveness of what they are used to do and how they do to maintain the quality of patient care. Substance abuse is to be said as the abuse of alcohol and other drugs. â€Å"Most culturally distinct groups have used and abused alcohol and other drugs throughout the ages, and they have established codes of behavior in their approach to drugs and alcohol†. Alcohol and other drugs have been used among the Hispanics or African American minority for thousands of years. Socio-cultural beliefs can shape the approach to and behavior regarding substance use and abuse. Culture plays a central role in forming the expectations of individuals about potential problems they may face with drug use. For many social groups, this may provide a protective factor. An example is the use of alcohol by the ancient Aztecs before any contact with white settlers. Their use of alcohol was heavily regulated and was only for ceremonial purposes. Non-ceremonial use of alcohol was strictly forbidden under penalty of death.3,8 Another example is the development of the peyote cult in northern Mexico. Peyote was used in a ceremonial setting to treat chronic alcohol addiction. This use later became a central part of the Native American church, which provided important spiritual treatment for chronic alcoholism. Recent research found that despite declining trends in use of drug abuse among the American youth, drug use among Hispanics youth remains alarmingly high. So in this case what the nurses can do is the million dollar question. The nurses provide their service in very practical way and for that reasons the result or outcome is always good. The African American has the highest tendency to use the drug and it is more likely in the youth generation. but the homeless African American or Hispanics are considered as the vulnerable population and they have not the ability to deal with these problem. In regarding this matter, the nurses can be used as a very effective tool. However, nurses will teach this vulnerable population about the bad effects of drug abuse and how is ruining their personal and family life as well as the society. Nurses normally meet legal issues in their place of work. However, many of them are either unaware of their significance or unable to face these issues. Since the findings of the study identify that learning at workplace has been valuable to gain knowledge about law, it is needed to identify legal issues in their workplace. This will help them to increase their efficiency because knowledge about legal issues upgrades their sense about their tasks. These issues provide direction that what needs to do or not to do. They should focus only how the problem can be removed in this area. The â€Å"healthy people 2010† is not just a dream, it is more than that and the homeless Hispanics or African American are the barriers of this dream. This dream should be reflected by the activities performed by the nurses. Conclusion: Now-a-days nursing has developed its all functional activities in accordance with technological, political or socio-economical rapid change. The changing boundaries of professional responsibility and its influence on their scope of practice have been emerged. For the effective care the nurses must all work together toward a common goal to meet the needs and serving the interest of the patient. According to the UKCC code of professional contact, clause 4 states that in the exercise of professional accountability, the registered nurse must, â€Å"Acknowledge any limitations in your knowledge and competence and decline any duties or responsibilities unless able to perform them in a safe and skilled manner.† (Turnbull Mark) However, Hispanics are becoming a large portion of U.S. population day by day and they are in need of the proper health care services. A lot of barriers are involved in regarding their health problem whether it is mental or about drug abuse. The nurses are to be said as the key element who can work together in the field to make a better move of health care services for the homeless Hispanics and African American.

National Honor Society Paper

National Honor Society is known for having extraordinary students whom possess strong leadership, constant determination, and also structured character. Though there are various students who have what it takes to become a member of the National Honor Society I feel that I should be one of them. From the beginning of my Freshmen year, I had a strong desire to find my path early in life and choose a career I would like to pursue as time went on.Realizing my passion for shopping was just the beginning, and though most girls all have this love for clothes I saw it differently, and began to explore the fashion industry by researching and reading up on the latest news. The electives I took in 9th grade, which were studio and art and fashion illustration both had a large impact on my future and also provoked my desire and curiosity for the artistic side of the fashion world.Getting very high grades in these courses made me acknowledge my ability to draw and learn how to sketch fashion desig ns and learn about the career of illustration in fashion, giving me more confidence in choosing my direction in this field. As my sophomore year began, I explored a different side of the fashion industry and enrolled myself in fashion marketing and also fashion apparel and accessories, but also stuck to the arts by taking drawing. In my fashion apparel and accessories class my teacher privately selected 6 people from the class to partner up in twos and compete in the famous DECA competition.Out of three hundred people, my partner and I competed in advertising and placed honorable mention. This showed that out of all those people my partner and I’s work paid off, and my teacher found us to be unique among our class. Because of my teacher Ms. Ehrhardt and also my fashion illustration/ art teachers Mrs. Copolla and Ms. Syska I became extremely inspired to do something about my newfound passion and sign up for FIT’s precollege workshop classes to gain better experience of this fashion world I was ready to journey into.That march until may of 10th grade every Saturday I would independently take the train in early and attend three-hour fashion classes, sewing and an introduction to the fashion industry and take the train home late. The privilege of being in the city on my own helped me develop a significant understanding of myself and who I wanted to be, and the opportunity of taking these classes transformed me into a more social and friendly person. I became much more understanding to the structure of the basis of fashion and felt that though I loved the classes, I wanted to xplore other courses they had in order to expand my interests of fashion as a whole. In the summer I decided to spend most of my time in the city for fashion and took more classes at FIT and also LIM college to assure myself in which area of fashion I wanted to be in. The classes I took in 10th grade at FIT were design classes, but I felt that my abilities would have a larger pos sibility for success in merchandising. The summer FIT class I took was for public relations and I got the chance to visit various museums and also real fashion design floors to become truly involved in the industry.From here, I knew this was the area I wanted to be involved in and believed I would excel in. At LIM, I spent a week in the city with a roommate and dormed while I took a class for fabric styling and fashion magazine during the day. These two classes gave me a lot to offer, from the learning to the activities I became a leader of my own fashion shoot and also got to interview people in fashion, which left me such an empowering feeling.Though the dorms seem to be only temporary living quarters, I was fortunate enough to taste true independence and individuality; making me very excited to take on future challenges life would give me. Into 11th grade I pursued this path of taking fashion classes in the city, and took fashion marketing classes in. From all the hard work and d etermination In these classes through out high school, I was rewarded with high grades, which are hard to obtain in these courses. I also stood out because I was interviewed and placed upon the FIT website itself, under â€Å"who’s in precollege? (When you apply for a course) which holds the information and pictures of a handful of unique and stylish individuals. All of my fashion experiences as a whole have built me into the hardworking, determined, independent individual I am now and I am very proud that was able to achieve these aspects in order to reach my goal of being apart of the fashion industry. I also feel that this has made me eligible and also worthy of becoming a member of the National Honor Society who’s character will be beneficial towards this society.

Bigfoot: in Search of the Truth Essay

Bigfoot is, without a doubt, the most recognized mystery in all of North America. The apelike being has reportedly been sighted thousands of times since the beginning of the 19th century. According to eyewitness testimonies, Bigfoot, also known as Sasqautch, is a gigantic beast that towers in at eight feet tall and weighs as much as six hundred pounds. Reports also say that the monster’s form is well built and usually covered in a thick, brownish fur. Many have asked if such a creature could possibly be roaming through the wilderness of North America and around the world, and the answer is yes. The amount of evidence supporting such a creature’s existence is astonishing. From footprint casting and fur samples to video evidence and numerous human sightings, Bigfoot’s existence cannot be doubted. There are three pieces of evidence supporting the existence of Bigfoot, the first of which is the thousands of eyewitness accounts. The first recorded sighting occurred in 1870 near a small town in California. The town newspaper, the Antioch Ledger, reported that a â€Å"gorilla man† or â€Å"wild man† had been sighted in the woods near the town. The paper deemed it unsafe to travel outside unless absolutely necessary because of the beast. Next, in 1901, a lumberjack on Vancouver Island reported seeing a â€Å"man beast† washing itself in a river near his base camp. The courageous lumberjack decided there and then to approach the beast and confront him. The strange â€Å"monkey man† quickly fled, though, as the man approached the river. Upon examining the tracks left behind, the lumberjack concluded that the prints were almost identical to that of a human, except for the extremely large size. After the incident, many reports began pouring in from the Vancouver area of Canada. The residents of the area became well aware of the existence of a very elusive creature in the area, and it was they who first coined the term Bigfoot. By 1960, thousands of reports on the existence of Bigfoot flooded in from all over the United States. The sightings usually occurred in mountainous, woodland areas near rivers and streams. Many thought that those who claimed such things were crazy, but it was at this time that the inevitable happened: Bigfoot was captured on film. On October 20, 1967, Roger Patterson and Bob Gimlin, two Bigfoot researchers, were horseback riding in the dried river bed of Bluff Creek in Northern California. It was an area with an extraordinary number of sightings, but the two did not believe what they saw next. There before them, kneeling in the dried creek bed was Bigfoot. The creature spooked the men’s horses which forced them to dismount. They quickly grabbed their video camera and started filming. The beast slowly stood up, looked around, and then proceeded to stroll off into the woods. The film was soon released to the press and caused quite a commotion around the world. Researchers quickly arrived on the scene and found that the sequence of events had happened just as the tape had shown. Studying the film, it was also concluded through the creature’s movements, that its neuromuscular system was of something not human. Furthermore, it was determined that human reenactment was not possible because a suit so sophisticated and detailed could have been made by only two manufacturers in the United States, but both companies denied all allegations against them (Bigfoot). After the study was concluded, there were still many skeptics on the whole ordeal. These skeptics have suggested that the first two pieces of the puzzle are not enough to prove the existence of a new type of creature. The numerous stories and reports are believed to have been made up and the video footage faked. There is evidence that cannot be ignored, though. That evidence is the physical remains that have been collected over time. This physical evidence includes footprint castings, and samples of fur and feces, all of which have been found to be something not known to modern science. According to many experts, including Dr. Henner Farenbach, director of the Oregon Regional Primate Center, the collected evidence supports the existence of an animal that has not been classified scientifically. He also states that every specimen from over the last 60 years is nearly identical to the next, making the theory of Individual pranksters responsible for a hoax nearly impossible (Sasquatch FAQ). Besides this fact, tracks studied by researchers from institutions, such as Washington State University, Ohio State University, Yale, and even the University of London, have been found to follow the law of the Gaussian Distribution of Weight. This means that the footprints have a life-like shape and the distribution of weight over the print is correct. All of these facts are bittersweet though, since sample specimens have nothing to be compared to since no actual creature specimen has been collected. It can be concluded, however, that these remains did not come from any animal currently known to modern science. Bigfoot’s existence can no longer be denied. No longer is it a question of Bigfoot being real, but rather a question of man’s capability in being able to believe the truth. The facts cannot be mistaken. Besides being seen time and time again, video footage has been collected. This alone is enough to make many believe, but for the rest, the physical evidence is unmistakably real. As the theory progresses, more and more credible researchers come forward to show support in such a creature’s existence. They do this at the risk of losing their own credibility. None, however, are capable of an explanation for Bigfoot’s uncanny ability to remain hidden from human observation, the nature of which remains to be a question. Perhaps, though, as more and more people start to believe in the truth, questions will be answered and the mystery solved.

Leadership Self Assessment Of The Field Of Nursing Leadership

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Death Of A Salesman By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 2062 Words

Dreams drive our pursuits and motivations. They allow us to look into the future and see hope and prosperity in order to give our every day tasks purpose. Dreams, however, are not always beneficial. They can often, like in these works, be build on nonrealistic ideals, which drive characters in the wrong direction and lead to self distruction. Both F. Scott Fitzgerald through The Great Gatsby and Arthur Miller through Death of a Salesman use these misshapen dreams and visions of the future to describe their characters, build toward their downfalls or dramatic turning points, and to create a theme of the crushing power of broken dreams. Willy Loman’s dream is the promise that one can make their mark on the world and be successful simply by†¦show more content†¦In high school, Biff’s peers â€Å"used to follow him around in high school† (Miller 6) and he was a star on the football team. In willy’s mind Biff had unlimited potential because he was so w ell liked, but simply being well liked could not carry him through school. Biff ended up flunking math, and seeing his father with another woman in the same day. This moment haunts Willy and he spends the rest of his life trying to find out if he was the reason his son, instead of following through with his father’s dreams, â€Å"laid down and died like a hammer hit him† (Miller 71) While Willy is haunted by a lack of accomplishment, Gatsby is haunted by a lost chance at love. Jay Gatsby is a perfectionist, and his dream is to be reunited with his love before the war, Daisy Buchanan. Daisy is a symbol of wealth and grace to Gatsby. He says that even â€Å"her voice is full of money† (fitzgerald 107), and the final step of his dream of success is to rekindle the innocent love they had before the war. Gatsby has achieved innumerable wealth, and has a rags to riches story that many would call the epitome of the American dream. But he cannot be satisfied until h is life becomes the perfect dream he has in his head, the center point of that dream is continuing his life with Daisy as if he never went to war. In order to achieve this dream, Gatsby worked his whole life through susceptibly illegal means to build a grand future for them in a magnificent house so that he can provide and

Consumer Behavior Towards Online Shopping - 18477 Words

CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING (E-Shopping) Submitted To, L.J. Institute of Business Administration Vastrapur, Ahmedabad Project Guide, Prof. Saurin Shah Submitted by Name Roll No. 1. Siddharth Iyer 47 2. Raj Joisar 55 3. Keval Amreliya 05 4. Dhanraj Solanki 145 5. Akash Gupta 43 6. Simpy Harwani 45 7. Binny Machchhar 71 8. Dhairyah Manek 78 9. Sandeep Ojha 86 10. Bhoomi Kotadia 66 TABLE OF CONTENT No. | Subject | Pg. No†¦show more content†¦Objective of the study  To study the online shopping behavior of customers  To study the factors influencing online shoppers and consumers  To study the customer’s level of satisfaction with regard to online shopping  To examine whether customers prefer online shopping to physical stores. MICRO INFORMATION What is Myntra? Myntra.com is ranked among the leading e-commerce companies in India and is the largest online retailer of lifestyle and fashion products. The company was started by a group of IIT/IIM graduates in 2007 and is headquartered in Bangalore. Funded by top tier Venture Capital Funds, Myntra is among the best funded e-commerce companies in the country today. Myntra, which started as an online destination for personalized products back in 2007, has expanded into broader lifestyle and fashion retailing. Today, Myntra is the largest online lifestyle retailer with over 200 national and international brands under its banner. Who started it? Myntra was established by Mukesh Bansal, Ashutosh Lawania, and Vineet Saxena in February 2007. All three are IIT alumni, and have worked for several start-ups. Myntra is headquartered in Bangalore and has been funded by top tier Venture Capital funds like IndoUS, IDG amp; Accel Partners. How myntra started? The company started off in the business of personalization of products, and soon expanded to set up regional offices in New Delhi, Mumbai and Chennai. 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An Essay Analysing and Evaluating the Applicability of Person Centred Planning Within a Hospital Setting free essay sample

I will maintain confidentiality at all times using pseudonyms. Working within the nursing and midwifery code of conduct. (2008) In the1950’s psychologist Carl Rogers was the first person to use the term ‘person centred’ He pioneered the concept of personhood believing ‘The organism has one basic tendency and striving to actualize, maintain and enhance the experiencing organism’ (Rogers, 1951 p. 401) He believed that individuals are† experts of themselves and given the right conditions and environment are able to flourish†. He named three important values as key in achieving self-actualization. Empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard’ (Rogers, 1951) The 1960’s was a time of great change socially, the civil rights movement was growing alongside the awareness of the rights and needs of individuals ‘social care was identified and defined in the late 1960’s with the formation of social services’ ( Thompson et al 2008) In 1969 the report into the conditions at the Ely hospital (HMSO 1969) opened the eyes of many to the appalling conditions and serious lack of care in all institutions, hospitals, prisons and care homes alike. A flurry of policy reviews were to follow including ‘Better services for the mentally handicapped’ (Department of health 1971). The paper focused on the rights of individuals to be a part their community and treated as individual citizens as opposed to being labelled by their condition or illness . The coming decades saw the end of asylums and institutes. The ideology of Carl Rogers ‘Person centred care’ was drawn upon in a more conceptual manner by Thomas Kittwood he defined personhood as ‘a standing or a status that is bestowed on one human being, by another in the context of relationship and ocial being’ (Kittwood, 1997: p8) Policies and theories continued to develop, eventually leading to the use of the person centred planning tools in use today. ‘A person centred approach to planning should start with the individual (not the service) and take into account their wishes and aspirations. Person centred planning is a mechanism for reflect ing the preferences of a person†¦.. ’ (Valuing people (2001p. 9) Used correctly PCP is ‘A way to empower a person and give them a choice ‘(Thompson, Kilbane, Sanderson, 2008) PCP requires commitment from both the patient and the health care provider empowering the patient to make their own choices and sharing the power over decisions they may make that influence their lives not exclusively their healthcare. The tools require active listening and responsive action when required from both sides. Once initially completed the tools should allow for change and development as and when needed, for the tools to work to their full potential the health care provider should be able to facilitate this accordingly. Improving patient centeredness is one of the six aims of the Institute of medicines (IOM) Health care quality initiative according to which health care should be safe, effective, patient centred, timely, efficient, and equitable. It is often helpful for the families of patients to be involved in the plans; this is applicable to all patients’ not just children or adults with learning difficulties. It helps the patient and the people they love to gain some control and a sense of responsibility back in their life. Being in hospital can very quickly have a detrimental effect on a patient’s mental state. The lack of choice in hospital has a negative effect, Often there are set times for meals, getting out of bed, you must wear a name band, and you can’t leave the ward†¦.. The list of ‘rules’ is endless. Patients very quickly become automatons. As Tillich puts it ‘The manipulation of conditional reflexes by social and psychological engineering reduces the man to the status of an object rather than a subject’ Tillich (1961) when the PCP tools are most effective and some sense of personal control of life is restored the overall wellbeing of the individual is greatly improved. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦by less dependence on others, an increase in expressiveness as a person, an increase in variability flexibility and effectiveness of adaption, an increase in self-responsibility and self-direction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Rogers 1961) The importance of a person feeling whole, in control and valued has a positive effect not only for mental wellbeing but it is increas ingly understood on the physical self as well. Carl Rogers stated that ‘we are learning we can often heal or alleviate much of our disease through the intentional use of our conscious and unconscious minds. Holistic health is broadening our understanding of the inner capacities of a person’ (Carl Rogers 1995). The ‘holistic’ approach to health care embodies the theories behind Person centred care. Taking in all aspects that contribute to the patient’s life and using them to focus on the patient who is central to it all. I don’t wish to pretend that in gaining a positive mind-set illness and disease can be cured but a positive mind-set always has a beneficial effect on a person and PCP tools have been shown to result in that significant positive change. The PCP tools I am going to evaluate in this essay are. The one page profile, MAPs PLANs and The children’s passport. I choose to consider the children’s passport as it is a PCP tool new to the hospital that I am based and as of yet the only tool used in my specific area of work, a paediatric day surgery ward. It is much like the one page profile, I choose to evaluate this tool because of its simplicity compared to the other two that I will evaluate, MAPs and PLANs both of which are widely used and were the first tools implemented for the purpose of person centred planning. PCP developed from ‘The community of practise’ different communities were leading the way in advocacy and support for the disabled and communities of people that previously didn’t have a voice. Beth Mount worked on ‘circles of support’, a way of organizing a person’s allies around shared concerns, focused Personal futures planning on organising and extending a person’s social supports’ (Mount 1998) This led the way for MAPs originally developed out of concern about the children of a local school with profound disabilities having their needs, hopes and dreams overlooked and even dismissed as so often happens. It helped disabled children integrate into mainstream schools. MAPs is now used for varying groups of people including children without disabilities as a way to focus their minds on what is already around them and what they wish for the future. MAPs require commitment from both the user and provider and often involve close family and friends, as with PATHs these tools can be used throughout life. Needs, dreams, fears and anything else relevant in the clients life documented discussed and actualised at different intervals. The initial time spent on MAPs needs to be several hours, ideally two people would facilitate, one to guide the client and the other to document it both words and pictures are used. Typically it will be large and visual. There are eight steps. They methodically through discussion identify what the MAP is, the clients history, allowing discussion about milestones and events that have had an effect on the clients life. Next dreams and nightmares are discussed and documented; this will enable the client to focus on moving toward the dream and away from the nightmares. The next step gives the client affirmation of who they are by giving everyone a chance to offer words describing them. Followed by focussing on gifts and qualities, this then leads to what is required to achieve the clients dreams and finally an action plan is put into place. When it is possible to use MAP the effects can be life changing for individuals on many levels most importantly giving the client better self-esteem and with the commitment and guidance required of MAP will be able to achieve things they had previously not thought possible, in 2005 the DOH published a paper asking â€Å"does person-centred planning work? it noted that ‘†¦.. very little change was apparent in people’s lives prior to person-centred planning. After person-centred planning significant positive changes were found in the areas of social networks; contact with friends and family; community based activities; levels of choice†¦. ’ (DOH 2005) It was also later noted that bes ides the beneficial effect ‘†¦. it was achieved at no extra cost to councils other than the initial investment in training and support’ (DOH 2010) The problems however are many and for PCP tools to truly enable clients to reach their full potential then ‘†¦.. ultural change in the ways that services are comprised and  delivered†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (O`Brien amp; O`Brien 2000) People who are to facilitate MAPs require training; the usual constraints of cost and time are cited as reasons to not implement PCP. It also on a personal level requires the client to feel totally at ease with the facilitator thus able to share private thoughts. It is also difficult for a long term commitment to be made when outside of the PCP bubble real life isn’t always so accommodating, people change jobs, move become ill etc. The facilitator must lso have certain personal qualities to get the best from the client. They need to be good at listening, non-judgmental hav e leadership skills that enable the group to focus and move on when required, they should have empathy and be able to encourage to the group to cry when sad and celebrate achievements. They need to be flexible, committed have a sense of humour and confidence in themselves. PATHs is an adapted version of MAPs it too is visual and requires time in the first instance. It differs however in that it is more focussed the â€Å"path† to the end goal. Giving time constraints and at intervals in that set time the client is encouraged to examine how far they have got towards the goal and what needs to change if suitable development isn’t being made. It looks at barriers and how to remove them and what is required to remain strong and focused. The positives and negatives of a PATH are as with MAP above. The main negative that I feel differs slightly from MAP is with it being so focussed on the end goal not being able to achieve in the time set could set the client back and have a negative impact. A one-page profile typically has three sections: an appreciation about the person; what is important to that person from their perspective; and how to support them well. (Helensandersonassociates. co. uk) It can be used in a variety of ways sometimes it can be the first step in using more in depth PCP tools. It is a helpful tool in ways but by no means does it have the impact of either PATH or MAP. The tool used in my workplace it is called the child’s passport and is available online for parents to fill in, it’s then printed out and put into the front of the child’s notes. It works on a traffic light system red being essential information such as allergies, communication needs, medical history equipment needs and any other essential needs the parent/carer may wish to highlight. Amber looks at day to day activities, dietary requirements, how they express themselves i. e. British sign language, makaton or using special signs exclusive to them. The last section is green and is to acknowledge things the child likes, favourite toys, dvd’s etc. It also has a section for parents to give advice on ways to help calm the child f distressed. I work on a day surgery ward so it isn’t practical to implement any tool during the child’s short stay. I have however found the child’s passport useful when admitting patients who already have one. I don’t consider the child’s passport to be strictly person centred, it doesn’t give any insight into the child’s hopes or dreams or plan for the future. I am certain that on wards where children are acutely ill both MAPs and PATH tools would be extremely helpful. Children like adults can all too often feel defined by their illness or disability and person centred planning would be a positive way for them to feel valued, and to be seen for who they are first rather than their condition. In conclusion, for person centred planning to become a reality society as a whole has to change. It is possible that given time PCP will become fully integrated within society. It was after all only decades since the reforms that led to the closing of institutions and the dire care that was associated with them. Time needs to be given to any person that could benefit from PCP this in turn will ultimately benefit wider society. Word count 2,207 References Department of Health ( 2007) Valuing People Now. The stationary office London Department of Health ( 2010) Putting people first:Support planning and brokerage with older people and people with mental health difficulties. The stationary office London Department of health (1971). Better services for the mentally handicapped The Stationary Office, London Department of Health (2005) The Story so far†¦ Valuing People: A new strategy for learning disability for the 21st Century. The Stationary Office, London Department of Health (2007) Valuing people and research:The learning Disibility Research Initiative-overview report Institute of medicine Nursing amp; Midwifery Council (2004) The NMC Code of Professional Conduct: Standards for Conduct, Performance and Ethics, London: Nursing amp; Midwifery Council. O’Brien and O’Brien (2000) Report on Ely Hospital Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Allegations of Ill – Treatment of Patients and other irregularities at the Ely Hospital, Cardiff . Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State of the Department of Health and Social Security by Command of Her Majesty March 1969 Rogers, Carl. (1961). On Becoming a Person: A Therapists View of Psychotherapy. P 401London: Constable. Rogers, Carl. (1980). A Way of Being. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Thompson J. Kilbane J. Sanderson H. (2008) Person Centred Practice for Professionals. Open University Press P. 72 Tom Kitwood (1997) Dementia Reconsidered: the Person Comes First P. 8 Tom Tillich (1961) cited in Understanding psychotherapy:fifty years of theory and practise C H Patterson (2000)